WORKSHOP PAPER
Light-Emission Crosstalk Model and Dynamic Correction Algorithm for Large-Scale SPAD Image Sensors
Abstract
We present a new dynamic correction algorithm to suppress the impact of light-emission (LE) crosstalk in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensors. The proposed algorithm demonstrated a capability of correcting both LE crosstalk and nonlinearity in a SPAD sensor, minimizing the effect of hot clusters and color shift that could potentially appear over the array. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in dark signal non-uniformity and color reproducibility. The proposed algorithm allows large-scale SPAD sensors to be implemented in various fields of imaging applications such as surveillance, biomedical and automotive.Keywords
Light-Emission Crosstalk, SPAD Image Sensors, Dynamic Correction Algorithm,References
1) I. Rech et al., "Optical crosstalk in single photon avalanche diode arrays: A new complete model", Opt. Express, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.008381
2) R. Younger et al., "Crosstalk analysis of integrated Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode focal plane arrays", Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.819173
3) S. Jahromi and J. Kostamovaara, "Timing and probability of crosstalk in a dense CMOS SPAD array in pulsed TOF applications", Opt. Express, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.020622
4) K. Ito et al., "A Back Illuminated 10 m SPAD Pixel Array Comprising Full Trench Isolation and Cu-Cu Bonding with Over 14% PDE at 940nm", IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/iedm13553.2020.9371944
5) Y. Maruyama et al., "A 1024 × 8, 700-ps Time-Gated SPAD Line Sensor for Planetary Surface Exploration With Laser Raman Spectroscopy and LIBS", IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2013.2282091
6) Y. Ota et al., "A 0.37W 143dB-Dynamic-Range 1Mpixel Backside-Illuminated Charge-Focusing SPAD Image Sensor with Pixel-Wise Exposure Control and Adaptive Clocked Recharging", IEEE Int. Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731644
7) K. Morimoto et al., "3.2 Megapixel 3D-Stacked Charge Focusing SPAD for Low-Light Imaging and Depth Sensing", IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/iedm19574.2021.9720605